In what year was the first Triumvirate established?

The first Triumvirate was established in 60 BC, representing a pivotal moment in Roman history. This political alliance was formed between three key figures: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (commonly known as Pompey), Gaius Julius Caesar, and Marcus Licinius Crassus. The alliance was not a formal political institution but rather an informal agreement to empower these three men, allowing them to dominate Roman politics in the later Republic. Each member had distinct motives for joining this coalition—Pompey sought recognition for his military successes, Crassus desired support for his wealth and ambitions, while Caesar aimed to bolster his political influence and military command.

This alliance was significant as it marked a shift in the traditional structures of power in Rome, paving the way for future conflicts and the eventual transition from the Republic to the Imperial era. Subsequent years would see the dynamics of this alliance change, leading to tensions and ultimately civil war, but the foundational establishment occurred in 60 BC. The other years listed have historical importance but are associated with events that came after the formation of the Triumvirate itself.