What is the name for the courtyard in a Roman house?

The courtyard in a Roman house is called the "Peristylium." This space typically features a colonnade that surrounds the courtyard, and it serves as an important architectural element in Roman domestic buildings. The Peristylium often contained gardens, fountains, and sometimes areas designated for relaxation or social gatherings. This design connects the indoor living spaces with the outdoors, reflecting the Roman appreciation for nature and open-air environments.

The other terms relate to different elements of Roman architecture or garden design. The "Impluvium" refers specifically to the basin within the atrium that collects rainwater from the roof, while the "Hortus" designates a garden area, typically found elsewhere on the property. A "Pergola" is a structure that provides partial shelter or support for climbing plants, but it does not refer specifically to the courtyard itself. Thus, the Peristylium is the most accurate term for the courtyard in a Roman house, highlighting its significance in Roman domestic architecture.