Which temple in ancient Rome was dedicated to all gods?

The Pantheon is renowned as the temple in ancient Rome that was dedicated to all gods. Its name translates to "every god" in Greek, reflecting its purpose as a place of worship for the diverse pantheon of Roman deities. Built initially during the reign of Augustus and later reconstructed by Emperor Hadrian around 126 AD, the Pantheon features a remarkable architectural design, including a large dome with an oculus that remains a significant marvel of engineering.

The other options refer to temples that served different specific purposes. The Parthenon, for instance, is a famous temple in Athens dedicated to the goddess Athena, unlike the Pantheon, which encompasses a broader deification. The Temple of Jupiter was dedicated to the king of the gods in the Roman mythology, focused solely on that deity, while the Temple of Mars was dedicated to the god of war. Thus, the Pantheon stands out for its unique inclusivity of multiple gods, making it the correct choice.