Who is recognized as the father of Romulus?

The title of the father of Romulus is attributed to Mars, the Roman god of war. According to Roman mythology, Romulus and his twin brother Remus were born to Rhea Silvia, a Vestal Virgin, and were believed to be the sons of Mars. This divine paternity plays a crucial role in the story of Romulus, as it links him to the qualities of strength and valor associated with war, which were significant in the founding of Rome. The myth emphasizes the divine favor upon Romulus, marking him as a hero with a powerful lineage, destined to be the founder of one of the greatest civilizations in history.

Other figures in the options do have their own significance but are not recognized as Romulus's parent: Jupiter is the king of the gods, Saturn is associated with agriculture and time, and Mercury is the messenger god, none of which play a role in Romulus's origin story. Thus, Mars is the correct answer due to his direct involvement in the narrative surrounding Romulus's birth and identity.